

# Two sample MR report

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## N-acetylcarnosine levels against Malignant_melanoma_of_skin

Date: **03 January, 2026**

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### Results from two sample MR:


|method                    | nsnp|          b|        se|      pval|
|:-------------------------|----:|----------:|---------:|---------:|
|MR Egger                  |    5|  0.0964372| 0.2348844| 0.7089489|
|Weighted median           |    5| -0.0823490| 0.0761800| 0.2797067|
|Inverse variance weighted |    5| -0.1409581| 0.0656154| 0.0316941|
|Simple mode               |    5| -0.0585090| 0.1129962| 0.6319206|
|Weighted mode             |    5| -0.0631131| 0.0858225| 0.5028922|

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### Heterogeneity tests


|method                    |        Q| Q_df|    Q_pval|
|:-------------------------|--------:|----:|---------:|
|MR Egger                  | 3.312788|    3| 0.3458667|
|Inverse variance weighted | 4.533606|    4| 0.3385813|

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### Test for directional horizontal pleiotropy


| egger_intercept|        se|      pval|
|---------------:|---------:|---------:|
|      -0.0409231| 0.0389206| 0.3702696|

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### Test that the exposure is upstream of the outcome


| snp_r2.exposure| snp_r2.outcome|correct_causal_direction | steiger_pval|
|---------------:|--------------:|:------------------------|------------:|
|       0.0019405|              0|TRUE                     |     0.000124|

Note - R^2 values are approximate

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### Forest plot of single SNP MR

![plot of chunk chunk5](figure/Nacetylcarnosine_levels_against_Malignantmelanomaofskinchunk5-1.png)

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### Comparison of results using different MR methods

![plot of chunk chunk6](figure/Nacetylcarnosine_levels_against_Malignantmelanomaofskinchunk6-1.png)

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### Funnel plot

![plot of chunk chunk7](figure/Nacetylcarnosine_levels_against_Malignantmelanomaofskinchunk7-1.png)

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### Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis

![plot of chunk chunk8](figure/Nacetylcarnosine_levels_against_Malignantmelanomaofskinchunk8-1.png)
