

# Two sample MR report

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## APOL4_Epithelial against UKB-b-18436

Date: **13 January, 2026**

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### Results from two sample MR:


|method                    | nsnp|          b|        se|      pval|
|:-------------------------|----:|----------:|---------:|---------:|
|MR Egger                  |    4| -0.0207372| 0.0430756| 0.6777485|
|Weighted median           |    4| -0.0116423| 0.0064848| 0.0726007|
|Inverse variance weighted |    4| -0.0114259| 0.0056753| 0.0440853|
|Simple mode               |    4| -0.0127141| 0.0088234| 0.2452449|
|Weighted mode             |    4| -0.0127141| 0.0088520| 0.2464440|

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### Heterogeneity tests


|method                    |         Q| Q_df|    Q_pval|
|:-------------------------|---------:|----:|---------:|
|MR Egger                  | 0.4735724|    2| 0.7891600|
|Inverse variance weighted | 0.5211233|    3| 0.9142268|

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### Test for directional horizontal pleiotropy


| egger_intercept|        se|      pval|
|---------------:|---------:|---------:|
|       0.0106221| 0.0487116| 0.8476079|

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### Test that the exposure is upstream of the outcome


| snp_r2.exposure| snp_r2.outcome|correct_causal_direction | steiger_pval|
|---------------:|--------------:|:------------------------|------------:|
|       0.0001777|              0|TRUE                     |    0.2052265|

Note - R^2 values are approximate

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### Forest plot of single SNP MR

![plot of chunk chunk5](figure/APOL4Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk5-1.png)

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### Comparison of results using different MR methods

![plot of chunk chunk6](figure/APOL4Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk6-1.png)

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### Funnel plot

![plot of chunk chunk7](figure/APOL4Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk7-1.png)

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### Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis

![plot of chunk chunk8](figure/APOL4Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk8-1.png)
