

# Two sample MR report

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## SPAG17_Epithelial against UKB-b-18436

Date: **13 January, 2026**

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### Results from two sample MR:


|method                    | nsnp|          b|        se|      pval|
|:-------------------------|----:|----------:|---------:|---------:|
|MR Egger                  |   18|  0.0066690| 0.0773756| 0.9323852|
|Weighted median           |   18| -0.0245682| 0.0098226| 0.0123775|
|Inverse variance weighted |   18| -0.0240743| 0.0073541| 0.0010618|
|Simple mode               |   18| -0.0234924| 0.0163372| 0.1685960|
|Weighted mode             |   18| -0.0106551| 0.0175623| 0.5520648|

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### Heterogeneity tests


|method                    |        Q| Q_df|    Q_pval|
|:-------------------------|--------:|----:|---------:|
|MR Egger                  | 5.390300|   16| 0.9934462|
|Inverse variance weighted | 5.549606|   17| 0.9957366|

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### Test for directional horizontal pleiotropy


| egger_intercept|        se|      pval|
|---------------:|---------:|---------:|
|      -0.0117818| 0.0295185| 0.6950729|

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### Test that the exposure is upstream of the outcome


| snp_r2.exposure| snp_r2.outcome|correct_causal_direction | steiger_pval|
|---------------:|--------------:|:------------------------|------------:|
|       0.0003913|              0|TRUE                     |      0.06012|

Note - R^2 values are approximate

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### Forest plot of single SNP MR

![plot of chunk chunk5](figure/SPAG17Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk5-1.png)

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### Comparison of results using different MR methods

![plot of chunk chunk6](figure/SPAG17Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk6-1.png)

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### Funnel plot

![plot of chunk chunk7](figure/SPAG17Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk7-1.png)

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### Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis

![plot of chunk chunk8](figure/SPAG17Epithelial_against_UKBb18436chunk8-1.png)
